IELTS-G 14 Listening test 2 section 4

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S E C T I O N 4 Questions 31-40
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

The history of weather forecasting

Ancient cultures

  • many cultures believed that floods and other disasters were involved in the creation of the world
  • many cultures invented 31   …………………………… and other ceremonies to make the weather gods friendly
  • people needed to observe and interpret the sky to ensure their 32 …………………………………                             
  • around 650 BC, Babylonians started forecasting, using weather phenomena such as 33   …………………………………
  • by 300 BC, the Chinese had a calendar made  up of a number  of 34     ………………………………… connected with the weather

Ancient Greeks

  • a more scientific approach
  • Aristotle tried to explain the formation of various weather phenomena
  • Aristotle also described haloes and 35     …………………………………                                

Middle Ages

  • Aristotle’s work considered accurate 
  • many proverbs, e.g. about the significance of the colour of the 36 …………………………………, passed on accurate information.

15th-19th centuries

  • 15th century: scientists  recognised  value of  37  …………………………….. for the first time
  • Galileo invented the 38 ……………………………..          
  • Pascal showed relationship between atmospheric pressure and altitude
  • from the 17th century, scientists could measure atmospheric pressure and temperature
  • 18th century: Franklin identified the movement of 39 …………………………..
  • 19th century: data from different locations could be sent to the same
  • place by 40 …………………………..                                                         

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