not + anybody / anyone / anything
nobody / no-one / nothing
nobody/no-one/nothing可用於句首,也可單獨使用(回答疑問句時):
He doesn’t know anything.
Don’t tell anybody.
There is nothing to do in this town.
nobody/no-one/nothing可用於句首,也可單獨使用(回答疑問句時):
He doesn’t know anything.
Don’t tell anybody.
There is nothing to do in this town.
not (-n’t) + any
There aren’t any cars in the car park.
Tracey and Jeff haven’t got any children.
You can have some coffee, but I don’t want any.
no之後接名詞(no cars / no garden等)。
no…= not any 或 not a
There are no cars in the car park.
We’ve got no coffee.
It’s a nice house, but there’s no garden.
no …尤其常用於have (got)與there is/are之後。
動詞否定形式+ any=動詞肯定形式+ no:
They haven’t got any children. 或 They’ve got no children.
There isn’t any sugar in your coffee. 或 There’s no sugar in your coffee.
no 與 none 比較
no之後跟名詞(no money / no children等):
We’ve got no money.
Everything was OK. There were no problems.
none可單獨使用(而不帶名詞):
‘How much money have you got?’ ‘None.’
‘Were there any problems?’ ‘No, none.’
none與no-one比較
none表示“無
no- one表示“沒人
none是針對How much? / How many?的回答(表示物或人):
‘How much money have you got?’ ‘None.’
‘How many people did you meet?’ ‘None.’
no-one是针对Who?的回答:no-one是針對Who?的回答:
‘Who did you meet?’ ‘No-one.’ “Nobody.
any 與 some在疑問句中的用法
大多數疑問句中(但不是所有疑問句中)用any:
Is there any ice in the fridge?
Has he got any friends?
Do you need any help?
通常用some而不用any的情況:
主動提供某物(Would you like…?)
A: Would you like some coffee?
B: Yes, please.
或要求某物(Can I have ..?等)
A: Can I have some soup, please?
B:Yes. Help yourself.
A: Can you lend me some money?
B: Sure. How much do you need?
some與any有時不帶名詞
I didn’t take any photographs, but Jane took some.
You can have some coffee, but I don’t want any.
I’ve just made some coffee. Would you like some?
“Where’s your luggage?’ ‘I haven’t got any.’
‘Are there any biscuits?” ‘Yes, there are some in the kitchen.’
one (= a…)
I need a pen. Have you got one?
A: Is there a bank near here?
B: Yes, there’s one at the end of this street.
one 與 ones比較
this/that/these/those可與名詞連用(this picture / those girls 等)或單獨使用:
與名詞連用
This hotel is expensive, but it’s very nice.
‘Who’s that girl?’ ‘I don’t know.’
Do you like these shoes? I bought them last week.
Those apples look nice. Can I have one?
單獨使用
This is a nice hotel, but it’s very expensive.
‘Excuse me, is this your bag?’ ‘Oh yes, thank you.’
Who’s that?
Which shoes do you prefer – these or those?
that可指“已發生的事”:
‘I’m sorry I forgot to phone you.’ “That’s all right.’
That was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.
that也可指“某人剛說過的話”:
‘You’re a teacher, aren’t you?’ ‘Yes, that’s right.’
‘Martin has got a new job.’ ‘Has he? I didn’t know that.’
‘I’m going on holiday next week.’‘Oh, that’s nice.’
打電話時用this is … 與is that … ?結構:
Hi Sarah, this is David.
Is that Sarah?
用this is…結構來介紹某人:
A: Brian, this is Chris.
B: Hello, Chris – nice to meet you.
C: Hi.
地點(大洲、國家、州、島、城鎮等)
地域名稱前面一般不用the:
France is a very large country.
Cairo is the capital of Egypt.
Corsica is an island in the Mediterranean.
Peru is in South America.
但the與帶republic / states / kingdom等詞的國名連用:
the Czech Republic
the United States of America
the United Kingdom
the-s(複數名詞)
the與國家、島嶼、山脈等名稱的複數形式連用:
the Netherlands
the Canary Islands
the Philippines
the Alps
海洋、河流等
洋、海、江、河的名稱前用the:
the Atlantic
the Mediterranean
the Amazon
the Nile
the Suez Canal
the Black Sea
城鎮中的地點(街道、建築等)
街道、廣場等的名稱前通常不用the:
Kevin lives in Newton Street.
Where is Highfield Road, please?
Times Square is in New York.
機場、車站、大學、城堡等重要建築物的名稱前不用the:
Kennedy Airport
Westminster Abbey
London Zoo
Victoria Station
Cambridge University
Edinburgh Castle
但通常賓館、影院、戲院、博物館的名稱前要用the:
the Regent Hotel
the National Theatre
the Science Museum
the Odeon
the … of
表示名稱時可用the … of 結構:
the Museum of Modern Art
the University of California
the Great Wall of China
the Tower of London
也可以說 the north / the south / the east / the west (of…):
I’ve been to the north of Italy, but not to the south.
表示泛指時不用the:
I like music, especially classical music.
We don’t eat meat very often.
Life is not possible without water.
I hate exams.
Do you know a shop that sells foreign newspapers?
I’m not very good at writing letters.
體育活動前不用the:
My favourite sports are football and skiing.
語言與學科名稱(history/ geography/ physics/biology等)前不用the:
Do you think English is difficult?
Tom’s brother is studying physics and chemistry.
用 flowers 還是the flowers ?
請比較:
通常說:
(go) to work,(be) at work, start work, finish work
Bye! I’m going to work now.
I finish work at 5 o’clock every day.
(go)to school, (be)at school, start school, leave school
What did you learn at school today?
Some children don’t like school.
(go)to university/ college, (be)at university/ college
Helen wants to go to university when she leaves school.
What did you study at college?
(go)to hospital, (be)in hospital
Jack had an accident. He had to go to hospital.
(go)to prison, (be)in prison
Why is he in prison? What did he do?
(go)to church,(be)in/at church
David usually goes to church on Sundays.
(go)to bed, (be)in bed
I’m tired. I’m going to bed.
‘Where’s Jane?’ ‘She’s in bed.’
(go)home,(be)at home
I’m tired. I’m going home.
Are you going out tonight, or are you staying at home?
通常說:
(go to)the cinema / the theatre / the bank / the post office / the station / the airport / the city centre
I never go to the theatre, but I go to the cinema a lot.
‘Are you going to the bank?’’No, to the post office.’
The number 5 bus goes to the airport; the number 8 goes to the city centre.
(go to)the doctor / the dentist
You’re not well. Why don’t you go to the doctor?
I have to go to the dentist tomorrow.
當說話人和聽話人明白所談及的人或物時,要用the:
What is the name of this street?
Who is the best player in your team?
Can you tell me the time, please?
My office is on the first floor.
注意不能省略the:
Do you live near the city centre?
Excuse me, where is the nearest bank?
the same…
We live in the same street.
‘Are these two books different?’ ‘No, they’re the same.’
請比較 a與 the:
當說話人和聽話人明白談及的人或事物的具體所指時,用the。例如:
‘Where’s Tom?’ ‘In the kitchen.’
Turn off the light and close the door.
Do you live far from the centre?
I’d like to speak to the manager, please.