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arrive 與 get 比較
arrive in 後接國家或城鎮( arrive in Italy / arrive in Paris 等 )
They arrived in England last week.
arrive at 後接其他地點( arrive at the station / arrive at work 等 )
What time did you arrive at the hotel?
arrive to 後接地點
What time did you get to the hotel?
What time did you get to Paris?
get home / arrive home ( 不帶介詞 )
I was tired when I got home. 或 I was tired when I arrived home.
in
‘Where’s Kate?” ‘She’s in bed.’
David’s father is ill. He’s in hospital.
I like to look at the stars in the sky at night.
What’s the largest city in the world?
I read about the accident in the newspaper.
You look sad in this photograph.
Did you come here in your car?
There’s a big tree in the middle of the garden.
at
Will you be at home this evening?
‘Where’s Kate?’ ‘She’s at work.’
Helen is studying law at university.
I’ll meet you at the station, OK?
A: Where were you yesterday?
B: At my sister’s.
I saw Tom at the doctor’s.
There weren’t many people at the party.
in或at可用於建築物(賓館、餐館等)之前:
We stayed at a nice hotel. 或 We stayed in a nice hotel.
on
Did you come here on the bus?
The office is on the first floor.
I met Ann on the way to work / on the way home.
in
‘Where’s David?” ‘In the kitchen. / In the garden. / In London.
What’s in that box / in that bag / in that cupboard?
Rachel works in a shop / in a bank / in a factory.
I went for a swim in the river/ in the pool/ in the sea.
Milan is in the north of Italy. Naples is in the south.
I live in a big city, but I’d like to live in the country.
at
There’s somebody at the bus stop / at the door.
The car is waiting at the traffic lights.
Jane is working at her desk.
At the top / At the bottom / At the end of…
Write your name at the top of the page.
My house is at the end of the street.
on
There are some books on the shelf and some pictures on the wall.
There are a lot of apples on those trees.
Don’t sit on the grass. It’s wet.
There is a stamp on the envelope.
On a horse / On a bicycle / On a motorbike
也可以說on a horse / on a bicycle / on a motorbike:
Who is that man on the motorbike?
before. during, after 比較
Everybody feels nervous before exams.
I fell asleep during the film.
We were tired after our visit to the museum.
before, while, after 比較
Don’t forget to close the window before you go out.
I often fall asleep while I’m reading.
They went home after they did the shopping.
during, while, for 比較
during之後接名詞(during the film)，while 之後接旬子(while I’m reading):
We didn’t speak during the meal. 或 We didn’t speak while we were eating.
for (而不用during)之後接某一段時間(three days/ two hours / a year等):
We played tennis for two hours.
I lived in London for a year.
before / after 之後可接動追 – ing 形式(before going / after eating 等)
I always have breakfast before going to work.
After doing the shopping, they went home.
注意要說before going (而不用before to go)，after doing (而不用after to do)等:
Before eating the apple, I washed it carefully.
I started work after reading the newspaper.
from…to…
We lived in Japan from 1992 to 2001.
I work from Monday to Friday.
也可用 from…until…表達:
We lived in Japan from 1992 until 2001.
until + 某一截止時間
They’re going away tomorrow.
They’ll be away until Friday.
I went to bed early, but I wasn’t tired.
I read a book until 3 o’clock.
Wait here until I come back.
‘How long will you be away?’ ‘Until Monday.”‘
‘When are you coming back?’ ‘On Monday.’
since + 過去某一時刻
since 用於現在完成時(have been / have done 等)之後
Joe is in hospital. He has been in hospital since Monday.
Sue and Dave have been married since 1968.
It has been raining since I arrived.
We lived in Japan from 1992 to 2001.
We lived in Japan until 2001.
Now we live in Canada. We came to Canada in 2001.
We have lived in Canada since 2001.
for + 某一段時間( three days / ten years 等)
Joe has been in hospital for three days.
for + 某一段時間
Gary stayed with us for three days.
I’m going away for a few weeks.
I’m going away for the weekend.
They’ve been married for ten years.
通常說:
Are you going away at the weekend?
I can’t sleep at night.
Where will you be at Christmas?
I’m going on holiday at the end of October.
Are you busy at the moment?
In the morning / In the afternoon / In the evening
I always feel good in the morning.
Do you often go out in the evening?
但用
On Monday morning / On Tuesday afternoon / On Friday evening / On Saturday night 等
I’m meeting Joanne on Monday morning.
Are you doing anything on Saturday night?
at / on / in 不用於下列短語之前
Are you going out this evening?
We go on holiday every summer.
Last summer we went to Canada.
I’m leaving next Monday.
In five minutes / In a few days / In six weeks / In two years 等
Hurry! The train leaves in five minutes.
Bye! I’ll see you in a few days.
可以說:
The bag that he is carrying… 或 The bag he is carrying…
the money that Kate won? 或 the money Kate won?
指代賓語時, that / who / which 可省略:
Did you find the books you wanted?
The people we met were very friendly.
Everything I said was true.
The film we saw was very good.
有時謂語動詞之後跟介詞(to / in / at 等):
可以說 (a place) where…
The hotel where we stayed was near the station.
指代主語時, who / that / which 不能省略
I met a woman who can speak six languages.
Jack was wearing a hat that was too big for him.
who 用於指人(而非物):
that 用於指人或物均可:
that可用於指人，但who更常見些。
which 用於指物(而非人)
which 不用於指人
Do you remember the woman who was playing the piano at the party?
可以說:
If he had the money, he would buy a car. 或 He would buy a car if he had the money.
I’d / she’d / they’d = I would / she would / they would 等
I don’t know the answer. If I knew the answer, I’d tell you.
It’s raining, so we ‘re not going out. We’d get wet if we went out.
Jane lives in a city. She likes cities. She wouldn’t be happy if she lived in the country.
If you didn’t have a job, what would you do?
I’m sorry I can’t help you. I’d help you if I could.
If we had a car, we could travel more.
if (I) was / were…
It’s not a very nice place. I wouldn’t go there if I were you.
It would be nice if the weather was better.
What would Tom do if he were here?
比較
if 用於句首
if 用於句中
在對話中，常將if部分單獨使用:
‘Are you going to the concert?’ ‘Yes, if I can get a ticket.’
if you see Ann tomorrow…等
if 之後常用一般現在時(而不用will)， 可說 if you see .. (而不用if you will see):
If you see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to call me?
If I’m late this evening, don’t wait for me.
What shall we do if it rains?
If I don’t feel well tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.
if 與 when 比較
if I go out表示“ 如果我要出去”(不確定) :
A: Are you going out later?
B: Maybe. If I go out, I’ll close the windows.
when I go out表示“當我出去時”(肯定)
A: Are you going out later?
B: Yes, I am. When I go out, I’ll close the windows.
請比較 when與 if:
When I get home this evening, I’m going to have a shower.
If I’m late this evening, don’t wait for me.
We’re going to play tennis if it doesn’t rain.
