Will/Shall(2)

I’ll(I will) …可表示提議或決定做某事:

My bag is very heavy. I’ll carry it for you.

‘I’ll phone you tomorrow, OK?’‘OK, bye.’

I think I’ll .. / I don’t think I’ll ….可表示决定做某事:

I’m tired. I think I’ll go to bed early tonight.

It’s a nice day. I think I’ll sit outside.

It’s raining. I don’t think I’ll go out.

有些句子中不用一般現在時(I go/ I phone等)，例如:

I’ll phone you tomorrow, OK?

I think I’ll go to bed early.

I’ll…不用來表示事先決定好的事情(參見Units 25- 26):

I’m working tomorrow.

There’s a good film on TV tonight. I’m going to watch it.

What are you doing at the weekend?

Shall I … ? Shall we … ?

Shall / Shall… ?表示“你認為…好嗎? /你認為…-是個好辦法嗎?”:

It’s very warm in this room. Shall I open the window?

‘Shall I phone you this evening?’ ‘Yes, please.’

I’m going to a party tonight. What shall I wear?

It’s a nice day. Shall we go for a walk?

Where shall we go for our holidays this year?

‘Let’s go out this evening.’ ‘OK, what time shall we meet?’

Will/Shall(1)

will +動詞原形(will be / will win / will come等);

‘ll = will: I’ll(= I will) / you’ll/ she’ll等

won’t = will not: I won’t (= I will not) / you won’t / she won’t等

will表示將來(tomorrow / next week等):

Sue travels a lot. Today she is in Madrid. Tomorrow she’ll be in Rome. Next week

she’ll be in Tokyo.

You can call me this evening. I’ll be at home.

Leave the old bread in the garden. The birds will eat it.

We’ll probably go out this evening.

Will you be at home this evening?

I won’t be here tomorrow.

Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You won’t sleep.

常用I think .. will …結構:

I think Kelly will pass the exam.

I don’t think it will rain this afternoon.

Do you think the exam will be difficult?

will不用來表示已經安排好或決定做的事情(參見Units 25- 26):

We’re going to the cinema on Saturday. Do you want to come with us?

I’m not working tomorrow.

Are you going to do the exam?

shall
可以用 I shall(= I will)与we shall (= we will):

I shall be late tomorrow. 

I will be late tomorrow.

I think we shall win. 

I think we will win.

在構成將來時的時候，不可將shall與you/they/he/she/it等非第一人稱連用:

Tom will be late.

I’m going to…

I’m going to do something

am/is/are going to …表示將來:

I am going to do something表示“我已決定做某事/我的意圖是做某事”;

I’m going to buy some books tomorrow.

Sarah is going to sell her car.

I’m not going to have breakfast this morning. I’m not hungry.

What are you going to wear to the wedding next week?

‘Your hands are dirty.’’ ‘Yes,I know. I’m going to wash them.’

Are you going to invite Martin to your party?

I am playing tennis with Julia tomorrow.

something is going to happen

something is going to happen表示“從現在來看某事肯定要發生”;

Look at the sky! It’s going to rain.

Oh dear! It’s 9 o’clock and I’m not ready.

I’m going to be late.

What are you doing tomorrow?

They are playing tennis now.

I’m playing tennis tomorrow.

He is playing tennis tomorrow.

am/is/are + -ing(現在進行時)可用來表示“現在正在發生某事”:

Where are Sue and Amanda?’ “They’re playing tennis in the park.’

Please be quiet. I’m working.

am/is/are + -ing也可用來表示將來(tomorrow / next week等):

Andrew is playing tennis tomorrow.

I’m not working next week.

I am doing something tomorrow表示“我已安排好明天要做某事/我計畫明天做某事”

Sophie is going to the dentist on Friday.

We’re having a party next weekend.

Are you meeting your friends tonight?

What are you doing tomorrow evening?

I’m not going out tonight. I’m staying at home.

要注意，不用一般現在時(I stay / do you go等)表示計畫與安排:

I’m staying at home this evening.

Are you going out tonight?

Lisa isn’t coming to the party next week.

但用一般現在時表示時間表、節目單、火車與公共汽車時刻表等:

The train arrives at 7.30.

What time does the film finish?

規則動詞與不規則動詞

規則動詞

規則動詞的過去式與過去分詞以-ed結尾:

clean→cleaned

live→lived

paint→painted

study→studied

過去式(參見Unit 11):

I cleaned my room yesterday.

Charlie studied engineering at university.

過去分詞:

現在完成時為have/has +過去分詞(參見Units 15 -18):

I have cleaned my room.

Tina has lived in London for ten years.

被動語態為be (is/are/were/has been等) +過去分詞(參見Units 21-22):

These rooms are cleaned every day.

My car has been repaired.

不規則動詞

不規則動詞的過去式與過去分詞不是以-ed結尾:

有些動詞的過去式與過去分詞相同，例如:

I made a cake yesterday.

I have made some coffee.

Butter is made from milk.

有些動詞的過去式與過去分詞不同，例如:

Somebody broke this window last night.

Somebody has broken this window.

This window was broken last night.

現在時與過去時中的be/have/do

be (= am/is/are/ was/ were) + -ing (cleaning/ working等)

Please be quiet. I’m working.

It isn’t raining at the moment.

What are you doing this evening?

I was working when she arrived.

It wasn’t raining, so we didn’t need an umbrella.

What were you doing at 3 o’clock?

be +過去分詞(cleaned/made/eaten等)

I’m never invited to parties.

Butter is made from milk.

These offices aren’t cleaned every day.

The office was cleaned yesterday.

These houses were built 100 years ago.

How was the window broken?

Where were you born?

have/has +過去分詞(cleaned/lost/ eaten/been等)

I’ve cleaned my room.

Tom has lost his passport.

Kate hasn’t been to Canada.

Where have Paul and Nicole gone?

do/does/did +動詞原形(clean/like/eat/go等)

I’ve cleaned my room.

Tom has lost his passport.

Kate hasn’t been to Canada.

Where have Paul and Nicole gone?

I didn’t watch TV yesterday.

It didn’t rain last week.

What time did Paul and Nicole go out?